Balancing screen time and digital media: Strategies for children's well-being

In today’s world, screens are an inescapable part of our lives, encompassing televisions, tablets, computers, smartphones, and more. This reliance extends to children as well as adults.

We are witnessing a notable rise in screen time among young children. While there are benefits to this increased usage, it also brings several risks, particularly for the younger age group. This article will explore the impact of daily screen exposure and offer guidance on managing digital use for young children effectively.

Understanding Screen Exposure

Screen exposure refers to the amount of time spent using digital devices for activities like gaming, education, communication, or entertainment. Digital screens are prevalent in children's daily lives found at school, at home, in waiting rooms, and beyond. While screens can offer valuable learning opportunities, they also present potential challenges to a child's development.

Different types of screens
Various types of screens each offer unique features:

• Television:

The television was the first screen to enter households and, despite the advent of new technologies, it remains a significant medium.

• Computer:

Now essential for completing homework and school projects, the computer provides access to online educational resources and helps children develop crucial computer skills.

• Tablet:

Its portability makes it ideal for learning and entertainment on the go. Many schools incorporate tablets for educational apps and e-books.

• Smartphone:

Smartphones have transformed how we communicate but present challenges in managing screen time and monitoring content, particularly for children.

• Game Console:

Popular among children and teens, game consoles offer a variety of games for solo or multiplayer experiences. While some games can enhance strategic thinking, it’s important to regulate game time to prevent excessive use.

The role of screens in children's lives

Children’s screen use varies based on their age, family dynamics, and cultural values. Parents and educators frequently strive to find a balance between the educational advantages of screens and the risks associated with excessive use.

Establishing clear boundaries for screen time and promoting engagement in diverse activities away from screens are essential for ensuring well-rounded development.

Advantages of screens for children

Screens can provide several advantages for children when used in a monitored and balanced manner:

• Education and Learning: Educational content on screens can enhance children's knowledge, boost academic performance, and develop their cognitive abilities.
• Digital Skill Development: Screens assist children in acquiring essential computer and internet skills that are vital for their future.
• Socialization and Communication: Video games, whether cooperative or competitive, can foster social interaction and cognitive growth. Additionally, video calls and messaging apps help children stay connected with family and friends.
• Creativity and Self-Expression: Digital tools and apps offer numerous opportunities for children to explore and express their creativity through activities such as drawing, music, video creation, and programming.
• Entertainment and Relaxation: Screens also serve as a source of entertainment and relaxation, providing films, series, and video games to unwind after a busy day.

In certain cases, screens can be particularly beneficial. They have shown positive effects on learning in children with cognitive developmental disorders and those with autism spectrum disorders. Active video games, for example, can improve behavior and cognitive development.

For the best outcomes, parental guidance is crucial. It is important to consider this key aspect when determining the best care option for your child.

The impact of screens on young children's health

The use of screens by children has become a significant concern for parents, educators, healthcare professionals, and policymakers due to its potential effects on both physical and mental health.

Physical effects of screen use

Excessive screen time can lead to several physical issues, including:

• Eye Strain: Prolonged screen use can cause visual fatigue, dry eyes, and irritation. Additionally, the blue light emitted by screens may disrupt sleep patterns.
• Sleep Disruptions: Using screens before bedtime can interfere with melatonin production, making it harder for children to fall asleep.
• Postural Issues: Extended periods in front of screens can result in neck, back, and shoulder pain due to poor posture.
• Obesity: Excessive screen time often reduces opportunities for physical activity and can encourage unhealthy snacking, contributing to weight gain.
• Motor Skill Delays: For young children, too much screen time can hinder the development of fine motor skills, which are better cultivated through physical activity play and interaction.

Cognitive and emotional effects

Screens can also impact:

• Brain Development and Learning: Excessive screen exposure is linked to an increased risk of language delays and may affect cognitive development in young children.
• Attention and Focus: Even the mere presence of a television in a room can distract children and impair their concentration, regardless of whether they are actively watching it.
• Emotional Health: Spending more than four hours per day on screens is associated with difficulties in emotional regulation and lower self-esteem.

Additionally, compulsive screen use is increasingly viewed as an addiction, with symptoms comparable to those seen in other forms of addiction, potentially affecting mood and overall well-being.

Managing screens and nightlights: Creating a sleep-friendly environment for children

For many parents today, managing screen time is a key concern, particularly regarding their children's overall health and sleep quality. Incorporating night lights can be an important factor in this balance. A soft, non-intrusive night light can help create a soothing environment that supports restful sleep.

While extended screen use before bedtime can interfere with circadian rhythms due to the stimulating blue light, a nightlight offers gentle illumination that doesn’t impact melatonin production. By establishing a bedtime routine that includes both screen-free periods and calming lighting, parents can foster a more balanced and smoother transition to sleep for their children.

Best practices for managing screen time in children

Screens are now a constant presence in our lives, but their excessive use among children is increasingly recognized as a public health concern.

Here are some recommendations for parents to manage screen use effectively:

• For Children Under 3 Years Old: It is best to avoid screen time unless it involves interactive content with parents.
• Screens for Children Under 5: 3D screens should be avoided for this age group.
• Bedroom and Sleep: Do not place screens in children’s bedrooms and avoid screen use, including TV, for at least one hour before bedtime.
• Personalized Management: Tailor screen use based on the type of screen, age of the child, and the content being consumed.
• Balance: Strive to balance screen time with other activities, allowing time for non-screen-related pursuits.
• Warning Signs: Be mindful of signs of excessive screen use and seek guidance if needed.

Recommendations from WHO :

• Under 2 Years: Avoid screen exposure entirely.
• Ages 3 to 5: Limit screen time to a maximum of one hour per day.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises introducing screens at around 18 months but stresses the importance of selecting appropriate content and ensuring parental supervision during screen use.

Overall, it is essential to remain vigilant and regulate children’s screen time to support their well-being.

Expert insights on screens and child development

Experts acknowledge that screens can offer numerous advantages for children's development if used appropriately. To optimize these benefits, it is crucial to set sensible limits on screen time, select high-quality content, and encourage participation in activities beyond screens. Screens themselves are not inherently detrimental; it is the manner and extent of their use that should be carefully managed and balanced.